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Entrance to the sentō at the Edo Tokyo Open Air MuseumSentō ( 銭湯) is a type of communal where customers pay for entrance. Traditionally these bathhouses have been quite utilitarian, with a tall barrier within one large room, a minimum of lined up on both sides and a single large bath for the already washed bathers to sit in among others. Since the second half of the 20th century, these communal bathhouses have been decreasing in numbers as more and more Japanese residences now have baths. Some Japanese find social importance in going to public baths, out of the theory that physical proximity/intimacy brings emotional intimacy, which is termed in Japanese. Others go to a sentō because they live in a small housing facility without a private bath or to enjoy bathing in a spacious room and to relax in saunas or jet baths that often accompany new or renovated sentōs.Another type of Japanese public bath is, which uses hot water from a natural. In general, the word onsen means that the bathing facility has at least one bath filled with natural hot spring water.
However, throughout the Kansai region of Japan the word 'onsen' is also a commonly used naming scheme for sentō. Sentō and supersentō in Kansai that do have access to a hot spring will often differentiate themselves by having 'natural hot spring' (天然温泉) somewhere on their signage.
General Layout of a Sentō Entrance area There are many different looks for a Japanese sentō, or public bath. Most traditional sentō, however, are very similar to the layout shown on the right. The entrance from the outside looks somewhat similar to a temple, with a Japanese curtain (暖簾, ) across the entrance. The curtain is usually blue and shows the 湯 ( yu, lit.
Hot water) or the corresponding ゆ. After the entrance, there is an area with shoe lockers, followed by two long curtains or door, one on each side. These lead to the datsuijo (脱衣場, changing room), also known as datsuiba for the men and women respectively.
The men's and the women's side are very similar and differ only slightly.Changing room. Bandai in the Edo Tokyo Open Air MuseumA public bathing facility in Japan typically has one of two kinds of entrances. One is the front desk variety, where a person in charge sits at a front desk, abbreviated as 'front.' The other entrance variety is the bandai style. In Tokyo, 660 sentō facilities have a 'front'-type entrance, while only 315 still have the more traditional bandai-style entrance.Inside, between the entrances is the bandai (番台), where the attendant sits.
The bandai is a rectangular or horseshoe-shaped platform with a railing, usually around 1.5 to 1.8 m high. Above the bandai is usually a large clock. Immediately in front of the bandai is usually a utility door, to be used by the attendants only. The dressing room is approximately 10 m by 10 m, sometimes partly covered with and contains the lockers for the clothes. Often, there is a large shelf storing equipment for regular customers.The ceiling is very high, at 3 to 4 m.
The separating wall between the men's and the women's side is about 1.5 m high. The dressing room also often has access to a very small Japanese with a pond, and a. There are a number of tables and chairs, including some coin-operated massage chairs. Usually, there is also a scale to measure weight, and sometimes height.
In some very old sentō, this scale may use the traditional Japanese measure monme (匁, 1 monme = 3.75 g) and kan (1 kan = 1000 monme = 3.75 kg). Similarly, in old sentō the height scale may go only to 180 cm. Local business often advertises in the sentō. The women's side usually has some baby beds, and may have more mirrors. The decoration and the is often gender-specific on the different sides.
There is usually a refreshment cooler here where customers can self-serve and pay the attendant. Milk drinks are traditional favorites and sometimes there is.Bathing area The bathing area is separated from the changing area by a sliding door to keep the heat in the bath. An exception are baths in the region, as the weather there is usually already hot, and there is no need to keep the hot air in the bath. Sentō in Okinawa usually have no separation between the changing room and the bathing area or only a small wall with an opening to pass through.The bathing area is usually tiled.
Near the entrance area is a supply of small stools and buckets. There are a number of washing stations at the wall and sometimes in the middle of the room, each with usually two faucets ( karan, カラン, after the kraan for faucet), one for hot water and one for cold water, and a shower head.At the end of the room are the, usually at least two or three with different water temperatures, and maybe a 'denki buro' (電気風呂, electric bath). In the and area the bathtubs are more often found in the center of the room, whereas in Tokyo they are usually at the end of the room. The separating wall between the men and the women side is also about 1.5 m high. The ceiling may be 4 m high, with large windows in the top. On rare occasions, the separating wall also has a small hole.
This was used to pass soap. At the wall on the far end of the room is usually a large ceramic tile mural or painting for decoration. Most often this is, but it may be a general Japanese landscape, a (faux) European landscape, a river or ocean scene. On rarer occasions, it may also show a group of warriors or a female nude on the male side. Playing children or a female beauty often decorate the women's side.Boiler room Behind the bathing area is the boiler room (釜場, kamaba), where the water is heated.
This may use oil or electricity, or any other type of fuel such as wood chippings. The tall chimneys of the boilers are often used to locate the sentō from far away. After World War II, Tokyo often had power outages when all bathhouse owners turned on the electric water heating at the same time.Sauna Many modern sentō have a with a bathtub of cold water (around 17 degrees Celsius) just outside it for cooling off afterwards. Visitors are typically expected to pay an extra fee to use the sauna, and are often given a wristband to signify this payment.Etiquette. This section needs additional citations for. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: – ( July 2019) This section describes the basic procedure to use a sentō. The Japanese public bath is one area where the uninitiated can upset regular customers by not following correct bathing etiquette designed to respect others; in particular, not washing before bathing, introducing soap into the bathwater, and horseplay.
Sentō commonly display a poster describing bathing etiquette and procedures in Japanese or occasionally in other languages for international customers.Some ports in, frequently used by foreign fishing fleets, had problems with drunken sailors misbehaving in the bath. Subsequently, a few bathhouses chose not to allow foreign customers at all.It is common to hear people say, 'gokuraku, gokuraku' when they get into the bath. It means something to the level of divine pleasure; it is a good feeling for the body and the soul.Equipment Taking a bath at a public sentō requires at a bare minimum a small and some /. Attendants usually sell these items for 100-200 yen. Many people bring two towels; a hand towel for drying and a handtowel or washcloth for washing. A nylon scrubbing cloth or scrub brush with liquid soap is normally used for washing.
Other body hygiene products may include a stone, toothbrush, toothpaste, shaving equipment, combs, shower caps, pomade, products, powder, creams, etc. Some regular customers store their bucket of bathing equipment on open shelves in the dressing room.Entrance and undressing In Japan it is customary to remove one's shoes when entering a private home. Similarly, shoes are removed before entering the bathing area in a sentō. They are kept in a shoe locker. The locker is usually available free of charge.
In a gender-segregated sentō, bathers go through one of the two doors. The men's door usually has a blue color and the for man (男, otoko), and the women's door usually has a pink color and the kanji for woman (女, onna). The attendant usually provides at extra cost a variety of bath products including towel, soap, shampoo, razor, and comb, ice cream or juice from the freezer can also be paid for here.There are usually free lockers with keys (that may be worn on the wrist into the baths) or large baskets provided to put personal effects.Bathing area At onsen, or hot springs, the water contains minerals, and many people do not rinse off the water from the skin, to increase exposure to the minerals.
In a regular sentō, people usually rinse off at the faucets. 1901 image of Sentō. Tattoos Some public baths have signs refusing entry for people with tattoos. However, one may be allowed in if the tattoos are not too obvious. If one ventures to a public bathing place that is publicly owned, this should not present a problem as they have a duty to let all tax-paying citizens in.
The original reason behind the ban was to keep out the (officially called the 'violence groups' by the police). Sanitation Japanese public baths have experienced infrequent outbreaks of dangerous bacteria.
In order to prevent such problems, the sentō union adds to its baths. At the cost of higher levels of chlorine, bacteria outbreaks are practically non-existent at sentō facilities of today. Pricing. Onna yu ('Bathhouse Women') by (1752–1815)At the beginning of the (1603–1867), there were two types of baths common to the and regions of Japan respectively.
In Edo (present day Tokyo), bath houses contained sizable pools, and were called yuya (湯屋, lit. Hot water shop). In Osaka, however, bathing establishments were primarily steam baths called mushiburo (蒸し風呂, lit. Steam bath) that had only shallow pools.At the end of the Edo period, the (1603–1868) at different times required baths to segregate by sex in order to ensure public moral standards. However, many bathhouse owners merely partitioned their baths with a small board, allowing some voyeurism to persist.
Other baths avoided this problem by having men and women bathe at different times of day, or by catering to one gender exclusively. In spite of this, laws regarding mixed-sex bathing were soon relaxed again.Contributing to the popularity of public baths in the Edo period were female bathing attendants known as yuna (湯女, lit. Hot water women). These attendants helped cleanse customers by scrubbing their backs. After official closing hours, however, a number of these women would perform additional services by to male customers. Similarly, some brothels in contemporary Japan have women who specialize in bathing with and cleansing male clientele.
Such establishments are often called sōpu rando (ソープランド, ).As a preventive measure against prostitution, the Tokugawa shogunate stipulated that no more than three yuna serve at any given bathhouse. However, this rule was widely ignored, causing the shogunate to ban female attendants from bathhouses altogether and once again prohibit the practice of mixed-sex bathing. Large numbers of unemployed yuna thereafter moved to official red-light districts, where they could continue their services. Up until 1870, there were also male washing assistants called (三助, lit. Three helps) who would wash and massage customers of both genders. Unlike the yuna, these male attendants were not known to engage in prostitution.Mixed-sex bathing was prohibited once again after visited Japan in 1853 and 1854—drawing question to the morality of the practice.Meiji period. Bathing in an Agricultural School in Japan around 1920During the (1867–1912) the design of Japanese baths changed considerably.
The narrow entrance to the bathing area was widened considerably to a regular-sized sliding door, the bathtubs were sunk partially in the floor so that they could be entered more easily, and the height of the ceiling of the bathhouse was then doubled. Since the bath now focused on hot water instead of steam, windows could be added, and the bathing area became much brighter. The only difference between these baths and the modern bath was the use of wood for the bathing area and the lack of faucets.Furthermore, another law for segregated bathing was passed in 1890, allowing only children below the age of 8 to join a parent of the opposite sex.Rebuilding At the beginning of the (1912–1926), tiles gradually replaced wooden floors and walls in new bathhouses. On September 1, 1923 the devastated.
The earthquake and the subsequent fire destroyed most baths in the Tokyo area. This accelerated the change from wooden baths to tiled baths, as almost all new bathhouses were now built in the new style using tiled bathing areas.
At the end of the Taishō period, faucets also became more common, and this type of faucet can still be seen today. These faucets were called karan (カラン, after the Dutch word kraan for faucet). There were two faucets, one for hot water and one for cold water, and the customer mixed the water in his bucket according to his personal taste.Golden era. Entrance of a typical sentō in TokyoDuring (for Japan 1941–1945), many Japanese cities were damaged. Subsequently, most bathhouses were destroyed along with the cities.
The lack of baths caused the reappearance of communal bathing, and temporary baths were constructed with the available material, often lacking a roof. Furthermore, as most houses were damaged or destroyed, few people had access to a private bath, resulting in a great increase in customers for the bathhouses. New buildings in the post-war period also often lacked baths or showers, leading to a strong increase in the number of public baths. In 1965 many baths also added showerheads to the faucets in the baths.
The number of public baths in Japan peaked around 1970.Decline. A group of young men walk past a typical community bath in the Kitakagaya neighborhood of Osaka, JapanImmediately after World War II, resources were scarce and few homeowners had access to a private bath.
Private baths began to be more common around 1970, and most new buildings included a bath and shower unit for every apartment. Easy access to private baths led to a decline in customers for public bathhouses, and subsequently the number of bathhouses is decreasing. Some Japanese young people today are to be seen naked, and avoid public baths for this reason. Some Japanese are concerned that without the ' of mutual nakedness, children will not be properly socialized.Future While the traditional sentō is in decline, many bathhouse operators have adjusted to the new taste of the public and are offering a wide variety of experiences. Some bathhouses emphasize their tradition, and run traditionally-designed bathhouses to appeal to clientele seeking the lost Japan.
These bathhouses are also often located in scenic areas and may include an open-air bath. Some also try drilling in order to gain access to a hot spring, turning a regular bathhouse into a more prestigious onsen.Other bathhouses with less pristine buildings or settings change into so-called super sentō and try to offer a wider variety of services beyond the standard two or three bathtubs. They may include a variety of, reintroduce steam baths, include, and may even have a water slide. They may also offer services beyond mere cleansing, and turn into a, offering medical baths, massages, fitness centers, etc., as for example the Spa LaQua at the entertainment complex.
There are also entire bathhouse theme parks, including restaurants, and other entertainment, as for example the Ōedo Onsen Monogatari (大江戸温泉物語, Big Edo Hot Spring Story) in, Tokyo. (Note: The Ōedo Onsen Monogatari is not a sentō.) Some of these modern facilities may require the use of and are similar to a.See also Wikimedia Commons has media related to.References. Retrieved 2014-07-31. Ryoko. Retrieved 2014-07-31. Retrieved 2014-07-31. Archived from on 4 February 2016.
Retrieved 19 October 2015. Retrieved 2014-07-31.
Retrieved 2014-07-31. Tokyo Sento Association.
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エキサイトニュース (in Japanese). Retrieved 2019-09-30.Further reading. Aaland, Mikkel. Sweat: The Illustrated History and Description of the Finnish Sauna, Russian Bania, Islamic Hammam, Japanese Mushi-Buro, Mexican Temescal, and American Indian & Eskimo Sweat Lodge. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Capra Press, 1978. (Reprint) San Bernardino, Calif.: Borgo Press, 1989.
Brue, Alexia. Cathedrals of the Flesh: In Search of the Perfect Bath. New York: Bloomsbury USA, 2003. Clark, Scott. Japan, a View from the Bath.
Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1994. How to Take a Japanese Bath. Berkeley, Calif.: Stone Bridge Press, 1992. Smith, Bruce, and Yoshiko Yamamoto. The Japanese Bath. Layton, Utah: Gibbs Smith, Publisher, 2001. Talmadge, Eric.
Getting Wet: Adventures in the Japanese Bath. Tokyo; New York: Kodansha International, 2006.External links. —Guide to public baths in Japan. —Public bathhouses in Japan. —Interactive Google map of Japanese baths with easy-to-read icons, pictures, and reviews.
—Tokyo Travel Guide, Sunnypages.jp. —Guide to super sento in Japan. —Ota Tourist Association.
Structures.Structures have 3 types, environmental, facilities, and stores. Environmental structures are used to increase the scenery of the surrounding area and use in, facilities are the base structures needed to run your hot spring, and stores are your main source of money. Popularity - How much a guest is inclined to visit the structure.
Price - How much a visit costs. Scenery - Increases popularity and price; Environments apply their scenery bonus to all nearby structures. Compatibility - Preference of a certain gender, age, or group to visit a structure, or those nearby. ∅Enter / exit of your hot spring.Scenery BonusesEnvironments apply their scenery bonus onto nearby structures in a 2 block radius. However, the scenery bonus is lessened the further away from the structure it is. Scenery bonuses are applied as follows, rounded down ('E' indicates the environment).10%12.5%25%12.5%10%12.5%50%100%50%12.5%25%100%E100%25%12.5%50%100%50%12.5%10%12.5%25%12.5%10%PondsPonds work different than other environmental structures. As well as being 1x2 in size, they don't seem to follow the same rules as above, as the bonus applied to the left/right of the pond is different than that applied above/below of it, as well as not being equal to the listed 26 scenery.
The bonuses also applies differently if you place a 1x2 structure with both its tiles in the effect range, as rather than applying just the largest bonus, it applies a slightly increased bonus.939163632Pond163259952Unlike other environmental structures, you can only unlock 1 per game. However, as you carry over 1 of each structure when you complete the game and start a new one, it is possible to obtain 2 ponds by unlocking it again in the next play-through.Facilities FacilitiesImageNameCostPopularityPriceSce-neryMaintanceBase CompatabilityUnlockNotesMaleFemaleGrpYthAdltSnrYthAdltSnrTatami Room$15015$421. Main article:Baths are unique structures, that are also one of key components to your hot spring.
Some key features are:. Only the gender associated with it can go in (except for groups, in which case children may go into the bath of the opposite gender).
Baths have 'Bath Effects', which add boosts to your bath, which are unlocked when certain conditions are met. These conditions can be found. When the game 'ends', any bonuses applied to large baths will be carried over. This does stack through multiple play-throughs.Stores StoresImageNameCostPopularityPriceSce-neryMaintanceBase CompatabilityUnlockNotesMaleFemaleGrpYthAdltSnrYthAdltSnrRestaurant$3003$111.
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